Both Crocodylus Acutus and Quertus rubur have developed a wide range of adaptations to survive in demanding environments regardless of their differences. One being a vertebrate reptile and the other an autrophic plant, they still share the feature of structural and physiological traits shaped by natural selection.
Crocodylus Acutus is a highly specilised predator with several respiratory and sensory adaptations contributing to their hunting success. One of the most significant adaptations is its unidirectional airflow system which is similar to birds. This is different from a mammal’s tidal breathing as unidirectional airflow pattern has air flowing only in one direction before exiting. This airflow pattern helps them retain oxygen underwater to hunt for extended periods of time (American Physiological Society 2015).
The Crocodylus Acutus also possesses specilised anatonomical structures that allow them to function underwater without flooding their respiratory system. The gular valve is a flap that creates a water-tight seal allowing the Crocodylus Acutus to open its mouth underwater without water flowing through its oesophagus (The Anatomical Report 2024). Furthermore, this adaption is accompanied by a nictitating membrane, a secondary eyelid that protects the eyes while allowing vision underwater (Anatomical Reports 2022).
Crocodilians generate the strongest bite forces in vertebrates. Crocodylus Acutus has a bite force of MFB 3999 N recorded in large individuals, a bite is capable of crushing bones (Plos One 2012).
Finally, anthe Crocodylus Acutus skin contributes to its thermal regulation. Osteoderms are bony structures across the entire skin of crocodilians and other lizards. These osteoderms play an important role in heat exchange by facilitating the absorption and regulation of external heat sources. The Crocodylus Acutus is an ectothermic reptile that relies on external heat sources such as the sun, osteoderms play a key role in supporting survival and overall performance of this animal (Zoology 2019).
Unlike crocodilians, Quercus Robur relies on plant specific adaptations to survive in variable environments. One of the most important adaptations is its extensive root system. This element allows efficient absorption of water and nutrients. Fine roots are one of the most important roots, taking up the majority of nutrients the Quercus Robur needs to survive (Springer Nature 2022).
Furthermore, Quercus robur exhibit fire resistance as one of their important adaptations. This allows them survive in fire prone environments. An article by Zachar M. show that wood from Quercus Rubur, even as it ages, resists ignition and has low mass burning rates. These properties protect the trees vascular tissue during fires, demonstrating that fire resistance is an important feature developed by this specie of tree (MDPI 2021).
Quercus Robur developed adaptations during winter. Dormancy is a state trees enter during cold weather months. In this state the Quercus Robur does not produce seeds and sheds its leaves, reducing metabolic activity (Havranek & Tanquility 1995) to conserve energy and protect tissues from freezing until favourable conditions return (MDPI 2020).